The Difference Between Non-Melanoma and Melanoma Skin Cancer

09 Sep The Difference Between Non-Melanoma and Melanoma Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer develops when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably. This growth is often triggered by unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells, most commonly caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These damaged cells multiply rapidly, forming malignant tumors. Here is information on melanoma and non-melanoma types of cancer and how they differ:

Types of Skin Cancer

Skin cancers are broadly categorized into two main groups: non-melanoma and melanoma. The primary distinction between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer lies in their origin and behavior. Non-melanoma skin cancers, like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, typically develop from the skin’s outermost layers and are less likely to spread to other parts of the body. Melanoma cancers are often slower-growing and more treatable when detected early.

Melanoma

Melanoma arises from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment in the skin. It’s far more aggressive and has a higher likelihood of metastasizing to other organs if not identified and treated promptly. While it is less common than other types of cancer, its higher spreading rate makes early detection invaluable. Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, even in areas not typically exposed to the sun. It often appears as a new mole or a change in an existing mole.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer. It develops in the basal cells, which are located at the bottom of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. BCC typically grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. It often appears on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and ears, and may look like a flesh-colored, pearl-like bump or a pinkish patch of skin.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. It forms in the squamous cells, which make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. SCC usually appears on sun-exposed areas, like the face, ears, neck, lips, and back of the hands. It can present as a firm, red nodule, a flat lesion with a scaly crust, or a sore that heals and then re-opens. While SCC is typically not life-threatening, it can grow deep into the skin and spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Cancer Causes

The primary cause of all types of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This radiation comes from sunlight, tanning beds, and sunlamps. UV rays can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that cause the cells to grow out of control. Factors that can increase the risk of developing cancer include:

Fair Skin
History of Sunburns
Excessive Sun Exposure
Weakened Immune System
Family History of Cancer

Cancer Treatments

Treating cancer of the skin depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and depth of the tumor. For non-melanoma cancers like BCC and SCC, common treatments include surgical excision to remove the cancerous tissue, Mohs surgery for delicate areas, and sometimes topical medications or radiation therapy. Treatment for melanoma is often more involved due to its ability to spread. It may include wider surgical excision and, in advanced cases, therapies that target the entire body.

Schedule an Appointment Today

Early detection and proper identification are key components of managing skin health. If you notice any new or changing spots on your skin, or if you have concerns about your risk for skin cancer, promptly contact a dermatologist for a consultation. A thorough examination can help provide clarity and determine if any further action is needed.